Map of 1658

As you see after uprising against Poland Ukraine lost the west part of the ancient lands - with capital Lwow...
But the other part received independence from Polish rule.

p.s.On this map as you See Ukraine is named Ruthernia.
it is because till 1713 Ukraine was called Rus, Ruthenia.
Moscovy took the name Russia in 1713, after that Ruthenia renamed into Ukraine-Rus

The word " Ukraine" appeared in Kyivan Rus in 1187 and means Inner land, main land.
(Prefix - U means In, Kraina - means Land, Ukraine=Inland)
But this word was not popular in Ruthenia (Rus) till Moscovy took the name Russia.

The Russians ideas that "Ukraine" means "border" is false.
Prefix "U" in majority of Slavic language (also in Ukrainian) means "IN".

But in Russian language prefix "U" means "NEAR" and also Russians has the word "kray" in their language that means "border".
That is why Russian Empire created the false theory that Ukraine is border of Russia, because on the Russian language Ukraine means Nearborder...